New Zealand | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 264537km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 4509900 |
| Population density | 17.0 / km² |
New Zealand (Māori: Aotearoa [aɔˈtɛaɾɔa]) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It includes two main landmasses--the North Island (Te Ika-a-Māui) and the South Island (Te Waipounamu)--and about 600 smaller islands, covering a total area of 268,021 square kilometres (103,500 sq mi). New Zealand is roughly 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and 1,000 kilometres (600 mi) south of the islands of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. The country's diverse topography and sharp mountain peaks, including the Southern Alps, owe much to tectonic uplift and volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, and its most populous city is Auckland. Owing to their remoteness, the islands of New Zealand were the last large habitable lands to be settled by humans. Between approximately 1280 and 1350, Polynesians began to settle in the islands, and then developed a distinctive Māori culture. In 1642, Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight New Zealand. In 1840, representatives of the United Kingdom and Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi, which announced British sovereignty over the islands. In 1841, New Zealand became a colony within the British Empire and in 1907 it became a dominion; it gained complete statutory independence in 1947 and the British monarch remained the head of state. Now, the majority of New Zealand's population of 5 million is of European descent; the native Māori are the largest minority, followed by Asians and Pacific Islanders. Reflecting this, New Zealand's culture is mainly derived from Māori and early British settlers, with recent broadening arising from increased immigration. The official languages are English, Māori, and New Zealand Sign Language, with English being very dominant. A developed country, New Zealand ranks highly in international comparisons of national performance, such as quality of life, education, protection of civil liberties, government transparency, and economic freedom. New Zealand underwent major economic changes during the 1980s, which transformed it from a protectionist to a liberalised free-trade economy. The service sector dominates the national economy, followed by the industrial sector, and agriculture; international tourism is a substantial source of revenue. Nationally, legislative authority is vested in an elected, unicameral Parliament, while executive political power is exercised by the Cabinet, headed by the prime minister, currently Jacinda Ardern. Queen Elizabeth II is the nation's monarch and is represented by a governor-general, currently Dame Patsy Reddy. In addition, New Zealand is organised into 11 regional councils and 67 territorial authorities for local government functions. The Realm of New Zealand also includes Tokelau (a dependent territory); the Cook Islands and Niue (self-governing states in free association with New Zealand); and the Ross Dependency, which is New Zealand's territorial claim in Antarctica. New Zealand is a member of the United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, ANZUS, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, ASEAN Plus Six, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Pacific Community and the Pacific Islands Forum.
Source: WikipediaZimbabwe | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 386847km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 12521000 |
| Population density | 32.4 / km² |
<p>Zimbabwe (), officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, formerly Rhodesia, is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa, Botswana, Zambia and Mozambique. </p>Largest city and the capital is Harare. The largest city is Bulawayo. A country of approximately 14 million people, Zimbabwe has 16 official languages, with English, Shona, and Ndebele the most common. Since the 11th century, present-day Zimbabwe has been a major path for commerce and migration in addition to the site of several organised states and kingdoms. The British South Africa Company of Cecil Rhodes first demarcated the current land during the 1890s; it became the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia in 1923. As Rhodesia, the conservative minority government unilaterally declared independence in 1965. The state endured international isolation and a guerrilla war with forces that were black; this culminated in a peace agreement that established de jure sovereignty and universal enfranchisement as Zimbabwe in April 1980. Zimbabwe joined the Commonwealth of Nations, from which it was suspended in 2002 by its then-government, and from which it withdrew in December 2003. The sovereign state is a member of the United Nations, the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). It was once called the"Jewel of Africa" for its amazing prosperity.Robert Mugabe became Prime Minister of Zimbabwe in 1980, when his ZANU--PF party won the elections after the end of white minority rule; he had been the President of Zimbabwe from 1987 until his resignation in 2017. Under Mugabe's authoritarian regime, the country was dominated by the state security apparatus and has been responsible. Mugabe claimed the revolutionary socialist rhetoric of the Cold War era, on conspiring capitalist 22, blaming Zimbabwe's economic woes. Contemporary African political leaders were reluctant to criticise Mugabe, who had been burnished by his anti-imperialist credentials, though Archbishop Desmond Tutu called him"a cartoon figure of an archetypal African dictator". The country has been in economic decline since the 1990s, experiencing hyperinflation and crashes along the way. On 15 November 2017, in the aftermath of over a year of protests against his government in addition to the rapidly declining economy of Zimbabwe, Mugabe was placed under house arrest by the country's national military in a coup d'état. On 19 November 2017, ZANU--PF sacked Robert Mugabe as party leader and appointed former Vice President Emmerson Mnangagwa. On 21 Mugabe tendered his resignation prior to impeachment proceedings. On 30 July 2018 Zimbabwe held its general elections, which was won by the ZANU. Nelson Chamisa who was leading the main opposition party results and filed a request to the Constitution Court of Zimbabwe. The court supported Mnangagwa's victory, which makes him the president after Mugabe.
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