Algeria | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 2381741km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 40263711 |
| Population density | 16.9 / km² |
Algeria ( (listen) al-JEER-ee-ə, Arabic: الجزائر al-Jazā'ir), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. The capital and most populous city is Algiers, located in the far north of the country on the Mediterranean shore. With an area of 2,381,741 square kilometres (919,595 sq mi), Algeria is the tenth-largest country on earth, and the largest by area from the African Union and the Arab world. With an estimated population of over 44 million, it is the eighth-most populous country in Africa. Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia, to the east by Libya, to the southeast by Niger, to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and the Western Saharan territory, to the west by Morocco, and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. The country has a semi-arid geography, with the majority of the populace living in the fertile north and the Sahara dominating the geography of the south. This arid geography makes the country very vulnerable to climate change.Pre-1962 Algeria has known many empires and dynasties, including early Numidians, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Umayyads, Abbasids, Idrisid, Aghlabid, Rustamid, Fatimids, Zirid, Hammadids, Almoravids, Almohads, Zayyanids, Spaniards, Ottomans and finally, the French colonial empire. The majority of the populace is Arab-Berber, practicing Islam and using the official languages of Arabic and Berber. However, French functions as an administrative and education language in certain contexts, and Algerian Arabic is the primary spoken language. Algeria has a semi-presidential republic, with local constituencies comprising 58 provinces and 1,541 communes. Algeria is a regional and middle power. It has the highest human development index of all non-island African countries and one of the biggest economies on the continent, based mostly on energy exports. Algeria has the 16th largest oil reserves in the world and the second biggest in Africa, while it has the ninth largest reserves of natural gas. Sonatrach, the national oil company, is the largest company in Africa, supplying large amounts of natural gas to Europe. Algeria has one of the largest militaries in Africa and the largest defence budget. It is a member of the African Union, the Arab League, OPEC, the United Nations, and the Arab Maghreb Union, of which it is a founding member.
Source: WikipediaYemen | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 527968km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 24184000 |
| Population density | 45.8 / km² |
Yemen ( (listen); Arabic: اَلْيَمَنُ, romanized: al-Yaman), sometimes spelled Yaman, officially the Republic of Yemen (Arabic: اَلْجُمْهُورِيَّةُ ٱلْيَمَنِيَّةُ, romanized: al-Jumhūrīyah al-Yamanīyah, literally"Yemeni Republic"), is a country in the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is the second-largest Arab autonomous state in the peninsula, occupying 527,970 square kilometres (203,850 square miles). The coastline stretches for about 2,000 kilometres (1,200 miles). It is bordered the Red Sea to the west by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Gulf of Aden and Guardafui Channel to the south, and Oman to the east. Yemen's territory encompasses more than 200 islands, such as the Socotra islands in the Guardafui Channel. Yemen is a member of United Nations the Arab League, Non-Aligned Movement and the Organisation. Yemen is characterized as a failed state with higher necessity of transformation.Yemen's constitutionally stated capital is the city of Sanaa, but the city has been under Houthi rebel control since February 2015. Yemen is among the least developed countries in the world and in 2019 the United Nations reported that Yemen is the country with the most people in need of humanitarian aid, about 24 million people out of a total of 28.5 million (2019 soda. Est), or 85% of its population.In ancient times, Yemen was the home of the Sabaeans, a trading country that flourished for over a thousand years and included parts of modern-day Ethiopia and Eritrea. Under the rule of the Himyarite Kingdom, the area came in 275 CE. Christianity came in the fourth century. Islam spread from the seventh century and Yemenite troops were crucial in the early Islamic conquests. The administration of Yemen has been notoriously difficult. Dynasties emerged to 16th centuries from the ninth, the Rasulid dynasty being the strongest and most prosperous. The country was divided between the British and Ottoman empires. The Zaydi Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen was established before the creation of the Yemen Arab Republic after World War I in North Yemen in 1962. South Yemen remained a British protectorate called the Aden Protectorate when it became a state and later, an independent country. The two Yemeni states united to form the modern Republic of Yemen (al-Jumhūrīyah al-Yamanīyah) in 1990. President Ali Abdullah Saleh was the first president of the new republic in the aftermath of the Arab Spring until his resignation in 2012. His rule has been described as a kleptocracy.Since 2011, Yemen has been in a state of political crisis starting with street protests against poverty, corruption, unemployment, and president Saleh's strategy to overthrow Yemen's constitution and eliminate the presidential term limit, in effect making him president for life. President Saleh stepped down and the powers of the presidency were transferred to Vice President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, who was formally elected president on 21 February 2012. The absence of government in this transition process exacerbated several clashes on-going in the country, such as the al-Qaeda insurgency, as well as the armed conflict of Ansar Allah militia and the forces. In September 2014, the Houthis took Sana'a with the help of the ousted president Saleh over declaring themselves the national government after a coup d'état; Saleh was shot dead by a sniper in Sana'a in December 2017. This resulted in a new civil war and a Saudi intervention aimed at restoring Hadi's government. Combatants and at least 56,000 civilians have been killed in violence in Yemen since January 2016. The conflict has led to a famine affecting 17 million people. The absence of safe drinking water, caused the destruction of the water infrastructure of the country and by aquifers, has also caused the biggest cholera outbreak in modern history , with the amount of cases. Over 2,226 people have died since the epidemic started to spread rapidly at the end of April 2017. The ongoing crisis has worsened the rights record that was already characterized by torture, extrajudicial killings, and restricted civil liberties of the country. The war (which led to the aforementioned large deaths, a famine, and a cholera outbreak) has received widespread criticism for having a dramatic worsening effect on Yemen's humanitarian situation, that some state has attained the level of a"humanitarian disaster" and some have labelled it as a genocide.
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