Algeria | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 2381741km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 40263711 |
| Population density | 16.9 / km² |
Algeria ( (listen) al-JEER-ee-ə, Arabic: الجزائر al-Jazā'ir), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. The capital and most populous city is Algiers, located in the far north of the country on the Mediterranean shore. With an area of 2,381,741 square kilometres (919,595 sq mi), Algeria is the tenth-largest country on earth, and the largest by area from the African Union and the Arab world. With an estimated population of over 44 million, it is the eighth-most populous country in Africa. Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia, to the east by Libya, to the southeast by Niger, to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and the Western Saharan territory, to the west by Morocco, and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. The country has a semi-arid geography, with the majority of the populace living in the fertile north and the Sahara dominating the geography of the south. This arid geography makes the country very vulnerable to climate change.Pre-1962 Algeria has known many empires and dynasties, including early Numidians, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Umayyads, Abbasids, Idrisid, Aghlabid, Rustamid, Fatimids, Zirid, Hammadids, Almoravids, Almohads, Zayyanids, Spaniards, Ottomans and finally, the French colonial empire. The majority of the populace is Arab-Berber, practicing Islam and using the official languages of Arabic and Berber. However, French functions as an administrative and education language in certain contexts, and Algerian Arabic is the primary spoken language. Algeria has a semi-presidential republic, with local constituencies comprising 58 provinces and 1,541 communes. Algeria is a regional and middle power. It has the highest human development index of all non-island African countries and one of the biggest economies on the continent, based mostly on energy exports. Algeria has the 16th largest oil reserves in the world and the second biggest in Africa, while it has the ninth largest reserves of natural gas. Sonatrach, the national oil company, is the largest company in Africa, supplying large amounts of natural gas to Europe. Algeria has one of the largest militaries in Africa and the largest defence budget. It is a member of the African Union, the Arab League, OPEC, the United Nations, and the Arab Maghreb Union, of which it is a founding member.
Source: WikipediaSierra Leone | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 71620km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 5293327 |
| Population density | 73.9 / km² |
Sierra Leone ( (listen), also UK: , US: ), officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, informally Salone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. It's bordered by Liberia to the northeast to the southeast and Guinea. Sierra Leone has a tropical climate with a diverse environment ranging from savanna to rainforests, a total area of 71,740 km2 (27,699 sq mi) and a population of 7,092,113 as of the 2015 census. The capital and largest city is Freetown. The nation is divided into five administrative regions that are subdivided into sixteen districts.Sierra Leone achieved independence from Britain on 27 April 1961, and Milton Margai became the first Prime Minister. Margai's political party was the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP), under the leadership of Albert Margai, and it lost the 1967 Sierra Leone parliamentary elections to the main opposition party of the All People's Congress (APC) led by Siaka Stevens. Stevens was when he retired from politics because of poor health, a political strongman who ruled Sierra Leone from 1967 to 1985. On 19 Stevens' government declared Sierra Leone a republic and abolished the parliamentary system of Sierra Leone. President Stevens' APC party was the sole legal party in Sierra Leone. The democratic constitution of Sierra Leone was adopted by the government of President Joseph Saidu Momoh, Stevens' hand-picked successor as the rebel group Revolutionary United Front led by Foday Sankoh. On 29 April 1992, a group of Junior soldiers in the Sierra Leone Army led by Captain Valentine Strasser overthrew President Momoh, and Sierra Leone was from 1992 to 1996 during the war. When the Junta under Brigadier General Julius Maada Bio handed the presidency after his success in the 1996 election to Ahmad Tejan Kabbah of the SLPP the country returned to a government. However, the Sierra Leone military overthrew President Kabbah in a coup on 25 May 1997, and Major General Johnny Paul Koroma became the head of state of the country. A coalition of West African Ecowas armed forces reinstated President Kabbah in February 1998, after a Sierra Leone court sentenced to death them and the leaders of the coup were executed. President Kabbah announced the end of the war with the help of the United Nations, the government, the African Union, and Ecowas. Sierra Leone has had an democratic government from 1998. Ethnic groups occupy Sierra Leone, each with its own customs and language. The two most powerful and largest are the Temne and Mende people. The Temne are mostly found in the northwest and the Mende. About two percent of the population are the Krio people, who are descendants of freed American and West Indian slaves. Krio is an English-based creole, the language, although english is the official language used in schools and government administration. Krio unites all the ethnic groups in social interaction and their own trade, especially in the country. Sierra Leone is 77 percent Muslim, with an Christian minority of 22 percent. The nation is regarded as one of the most religiously tolerant nations in the world. Muslims and Christians collaborate and socialize with one another very peacefully, and violence is rare. Muslim holidays and the significant Christian are official holidays, such as Easter, Christmas, Eid al-Fitr, and Eid al-Adha. Sierra Leone has relied on mining for its base, especially. It's also one of the largest producers of bauxite and titanium and a significant producer of gold, and it's one of the world's largest deposits of rutile. The nation is home to the third-largest natural harbour in the world. 53 percent of its population lived in poverty in 2011. Sierra Leone is a member of many international organisations, such as the United Nations, the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Mano River Union, the Commonwealth of Nations, the African Development Bank, and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.
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