Algeria | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 2381741km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 40263711 |
| Population density | 16.9 / km² |
Algeria ( (listen) al-JEER-ee-ə, Arabic: الجزائر al-Jazā'ir), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. The capital and most populous city is Algiers, located in the far north of the country on the Mediterranean shore. With an area of 2,381,741 square kilometres (919,595 sq mi), Algeria is the tenth-largest country on earth, and the largest by area from the African Union and the Arab world. With an estimated population of over 44 million, it is the eighth-most populous country in Africa. Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia, to the east by Libya, to the southeast by Niger, to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and the Western Saharan territory, to the west by Morocco, and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. The country has a semi-arid geography, with the majority of the populace living in the fertile north and the Sahara dominating the geography of the south. This arid geography makes the country very vulnerable to climate change.Pre-1962 Algeria has known many empires and dynasties, including early Numidians, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Umayyads, Abbasids, Idrisid, Aghlabid, Rustamid, Fatimids, Zirid, Hammadids, Almoravids, Almohads, Zayyanids, Spaniards, Ottomans and finally, the French colonial empire. The majority of the populace is Arab-Berber, practicing Islam and using the official languages of Arabic and Berber. However, French functions as an administrative and education language in certain contexts, and Algerian Arabic is the primary spoken language. Algeria has a semi-presidential republic, with local constituencies comprising 58 provinces and 1,541 communes. Algeria is a regional and middle power. It has the highest human development index of all non-island African countries and one of the biggest economies on the continent, based mostly on energy exports. Algeria has the 16th largest oil reserves in the world and the second biggest in Africa, while it has the ninth largest reserves of natural gas. Sonatrach, the national oil company, is the largest company in Africa, supplying large amounts of natural gas to Europe. Algeria has one of the largest militaries in Africa and the largest defence budget. It is a member of the African Union, the Arab League, OPEC, the United Nations, and the Arab Maghreb Union, of which it is a founding member.
Source: WikipediaPapua New Guinea | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 452860km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 0 |
| Population density | 0.0 / km² |
<p>Papua New Guinea (PNG;, also US:; Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini; Hiri Motu: Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea (Tok Pisin: Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; Hiri Motu: Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country in Oceania that occupies the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia. </p>Its capital, located along its southeastern coast, is Port Moresby. The western half of New Guinea forms the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua. It is the world's 3rd largest island country using 462,840 km2 (178,700 sq mi).At the national level, after being dominated by three outside forces since 1884, Papua New Guinea established its sovereignty in 1975. This followed almost 60 years. It became an independent Commonwealth kingdom in 1975 with Elizabeth II as its queen. It also became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations in its own right. Papua New Guinea is one of the most culturally diverse nations in the world. It is among the most rural, as eighteen percent of its people live in urban centres. There are 851 languages in the country, of which 11 currently don't have any known speakers. The majority of the population of over 8 million people lives in customary communities, which are as varied as the languages. The country is among the world's least explored, culturally and geographically. It is known to have numerous groups of uncontacted peoples, and researchers believe there are lots of undiscovered species of plants and animals in the interior.Papua New Guinea is classified as a growing economy by the International Monetary Fund. Strong growth in the mining and resource industry of Papua New Guinea led to the country becoming the sixth-fastest-growing economy in the world in 2011. Once important resource projects came on line in 2015 growth was expected to slow. Mining remains a major economic factor, however. Federal and local governments are currently talking about the potential of resuming mining operations in Bougainville Province, which has been shut since the civil war in the 1980s -- 1990s at the Panguna mine. Nearly 40 percent of the population lives a self-sustainable natural lifestyle with no access to global capital.Most of the people still live in powerful traditional social groups based on farming. Their lives combine traditional religion with practices, including education. These societies and clans are explicitly acknowledged by the Papua New Guinea Constitution, which expresses the desire for"traditional villages and communities to remain as viable units of Papua New Guinean society" and protects their continuing significance to local and national community life. The country has filed its application, and is an observer state since 1976 in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations or ASEAN. It is a full member of the Pacific Community (SPC), the Pacific Islands Forum (formerly South Pacific Forum) and the Commonwealth of Nations.
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