Algeria | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 2381741km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 40263711 |
| Population density | 16.9 / km² |
Algeria ( (listen) al-JEER-ee-ə, Arabic: الجزائر al-Jazā'ir), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. The capital and most populous city is Algiers, located in the far north of the country on the Mediterranean shore. With an area of 2,381,741 square kilometres (919,595 sq mi), Algeria is the tenth-largest country on earth, and the largest by area from the African Union and the Arab world. With an estimated population of over 44 million, it is the eighth-most populous country in Africa. Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia, to the east by Libya, to the southeast by Niger, to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and the Western Saharan territory, to the west by Morocco, and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. The country has a semi-arid geography, with the majority of the populace living in the fertile north and the Sahara dominating the geography of the south. This arid geography makes the country very vulnerable to climate change.Pre-1962 Algeria has known many empires and dynasties, including early Numidians, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Umayyads, Abbasids, Idrisid, Aghlabid, Rustamid, Fatimids, Zirid, Hammadids, Almoravids, Almohads, Zayyanids, Spaniards, Ottomans and finally, the French colonial empire. The majority of the populace is Arab-Berber, practicing Islam and using the official languages of Arabic and Berber. However, French functions as an administrative and education language in certain contexts, and Algerian Arabic is the primary spoken language. Algeria has a semi-presidential republic, with local constituencies comprising 58 provinces and 1,541 communes. Algeria is a regional and middle power. It has the highest human development index of all non-island African countries and one of the biggest economies on the continent, based mostly on energy exports. Algeria has the 16th largest oil reserves in the world and the second biggest in Africa, while it has the ninth largest reserves of natural gas. Sonatrach, the national oil company, is the largest company in Africa, supplying large amounts of natural gas to Europe. Algeria has one of the largest militaries in Africa and the largest defence budget. It is a member of the African Union, the Arab League, OPEC, the United Nations, and the Arab Maghreb Union, of which it is a founding member.
Source: WikipediaMauritius | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 2030km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 1274189 |
| Population density | 627.7 / km² |
Mauritius ( (listen) mə-RISH-(ee-)əs, maw-; French: Maurice [mɔʁis, moʁis] (listen); Creole: Moris [moʁis]), officially the Republic of Mauritius is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) off the south-west coast of the African continent. The country includes the islands of Mauritius, Rodrigues, Agaléga and St. Brandon. Mauritius and Rodrigues' islands form part of the Mascarene Islands, along with neighboring Réunion. Largest city and the capital, Port Louis, is located on the island of Mauritius. The nation is 2,040 square kilometres (790 sq mi) in area, while its Exclusive Economic Zone covers 2.3 million square kilometres.In 1598, the Dutch took possession of Mauritius, abandoning the island at 1710; the French took control in 1715, renaming it Isle de France. France officially ceded Mauritius including all its dependencies to the United Kingdom (UK) through the Treaty of Paris, signed on 30 May 1814 and where Réunion was returned to France. The British colony of Mauritius consisted of the island of Mauritius along with St Brandon, Agalega, Rodrigues, Tromelin and the Chagos Archipelago, although the Seychelles became a separate colony in 1906. The sovereignty of Tromelin is disputed between Mauritius and France as some of the islands like St. Brandon, Chagos, Agalega and Tromelin Weren't specifically mentioned in the Treaty of Paris.In 1965, three years prior to the independence of Mauritius, the UK split the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritian land, and the islands of Aldabra, Farquhar and Desroches in the Seychelles, to form the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT). The UK forcibly leased its largest island, Diego Garcia and expelled the local population of the archipelago. Access has been restricted by the UK it was prohibited to the media, tourists, and its former inhabitants. The sovereignty of the Chagos is disputed between Mauritius and the UK. In February 2019, in an opinion the UK was ordered to hand the Chagos Islands to Mauritius back as quickly as possible, to be able to finish the decolonisation of Mauritius. The people of Mauritius are multi-religious multiethnic, multicultural and multilingual. The island's government is closely modelled on the Westminster system, and Mauritius is highly ranked for political and economic freedom and for democracy. Mauritius is categorised as"large" in the Human Development Index. According to the World Bank, the nation has an upper-middle-income market. Mauritius is ranked as among the most developed markets in the region and the most competitive. The nation is a welfare state; the government offers universal healthcare, free education up to tertiary level and free public transportation for the disabled, senior citizens, and students. Mauritius was ranked among the safest or nations by the International Peace Index 2019. Along with the other Mascarene Islands, Mauritius is known for its flora and fauna, with many species endemic to the island. The island was the only known home of the dodo, which, together with many other avian species, was made extinct by activities shortly after the settlement of the island. Mauritius is the only country in Africa in which Hinduism is the largest religion. The administration uses English as its primary language.
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