Algeria | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 2381741km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 40263711 |
| Population density | 16.9 / km² |
Algeria ( (listen) al-JEER-ee-ə, Arabic: الجزائر al-Jazā'ir), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. The capital and most populous city is Algiers, located in the far north of the country on the Mediterranean shore. With an area of 2,381,741 square kilometres (919,595 sq mi), Algeria is the tenth-largest country on earth, and the largest by area from the African Union and the Arab world. With an estimated population of over 44 million, it is the eighth-most populous country in Africa. Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia, to the east by Libya, to the southeast by Niger, to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and the Western Saharan territory, to the west by Morocco, and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. The country has a semi-arid geography, with the majority of the populace living in the fertile north and the Sahara dominating the geography of the south. This arid geography makes the country very vulnerable to climate change.Pre-1962 Algeria has known many empires and dynasties, including early Numidians, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Umayyads, Abbasids, Idrisid, Aghlabid, Rustamid, Fatimids, Zirid, Hammadids, Almoravids, Almohads, Zayyanids, Spaniards, Ottomans and finally, the French colonial empire. The majority of the populace is Arab-Berber, practicing Islam and using the official languages of Arabic and Berber. However, French functions as an administrative and education language in certain contexts, and Algerian Arabic is the primary spoken language. Algeria has a semi-presidential republic, with local constituencies comprising 58 provinces and 1,541 communes. Algeria is a regional and middle power. It has the highest human development index of all non-island African countries and one of the biggest economies on the continent, based mostly on energy exports. Algeria has the 16th largest oil reserves in the world and the second biggest in Africa, while it has the ninth largest reserves of natural gas. Sonatrach, the national oil company, is the largest company in Africa, supplying large amounts of natural gas to Europe. Algeria has one of the largest militaries in Africa and the largest defence budget. It is a member of the African Union, the Arab League, OPEC, the United Nations, and the Arab Maghreb Union, of which it is a founding member.
Source: WikipediaLiberia | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 96320km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 3476608 |
| Population density | 36.1 / km² |
Liberia ( (listen)), officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African shore. Sierra Leone to its northwest, Guinea to its north, Ivory Coast to its east, and the Atlantic Ocean to its south-southwest borders it. It covers an area of 111,369 square kilometres (43,000 sq mi) and has a population of around 4,900,000. Over 20 indigenous languages are spoken, representing the numerous ethnic groups who make up more than 95% of the population, although english is the official language. The capital and largest city of the country is Monrovia. Liberia started as a settlement of the American Colonization Society (ACS), who thought black people would face better opportunities for freedom and prosperity in Africa than in america. The country declared its independence on July 26, 1847. The U.S. failed to recognize Liberia's independence until February 5, 1862, during the American Civil War. Between January 7, 1822, and the American Civil War, over 15,000 freed and free-born black people who confronted legislated limits in the U.S., and 3,198 Afro-Caribbeans, relocated into the settlement. The settlers carried tradition and their culture with them. The Liberian flag and constitution were modeled after those of the U.S. On January 3, 1848, Joseph Jenkins Roberts, a wealthy, free-born African American from Virginia who settled in Liberia, was elected Liberia's first president after the people proclaimed independence.Liberia was the first African republic to proclaim its independence, and is Africa's first and earliest modern republic. It preserved its independence during the Scramble for Africa. During World War II, Liberia supported the United States war efforts against Germany and subsequently, the U.S. invested in considerable infrastructure in Liberia to help its war effort, which also helped the country in modernizing and improving its important air transportation facilities. Additionally, economic changes encouraged. Liberia was a member of the League of Nations, United Nations, and the Organisation of African Unity. The Americo-Liberian settlers didn't relate well to the indigenous peoples they encountered, particularly those in communities of the more isolated"bush". The colonial settlements were raided by the Kru and Grebo in their chiefdoms that were inland. Americo-Liberians developed as a small elite which indigenous tribesmen, and held on to power were excluded from birthright citizenship in their own territory until 1904, in an echo of the United States' treatment of Native Americans. Americo-Liberians promoted organizations to establish schools and assignments to educate the indigenous peoples. In 1980 political tensions from the rule of William R. Tolbert resulted in a military coup during which Tolbert was killed, marking the beginning of years-long political instability. The First and Second Liberian Civil Wars followed five Decades of military rule by the People's Redemption Council and five years of rule by the National Democratic Party of Liberia. These caused the deaths of 250,000 people (about 8 percent of the population) and the displacement of many more, and shrank Liberia's economy by 90%. A peace agreement in 2003 led to elections in 2005, where Ellen Johnson Sirleaf was elected President, making history. With 83 percent of the population living below the poverty line infrastructure and social services were affected by the conflicts.
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