Algeria | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 2381741km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 40263711 |
| Population density | 16.9 / km² |
Algeria ( (listen) al-JEER-ee-ə, Arabic: الجزائر al-Jazā'ir), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. The capital and most populous city is Algiers, located in the far north of the country on the Mediterranean shore. With an area of 2,381,741 square kilometres (919,595 sq mi), Algeria is the tenth-largest country on earth, and the largest by area from the African Union and the Arab world. With an estimated population of over 44 million, it is the eighth-most populous country in Africa. Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia, to the east by Libya, to the southeast by Niger, to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and the Western Saharan territory, to the west by Morocco, and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. The country has a semi-arid geography, with the majority of the populace living in the fertile north and the Sahara dominating the geography of the south. This arid geography makes the country very vulnerable to climate change.Pre-1962 Algeria has known many empires and dynasties, including early Numidians, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Umayyads, Abbasids, Idrisid, Aghlabid, Rustamid, Fatimids, Zirid, Hammadids, Almoravids, Almohads, Zayyanids, Spaniards, Ottomans and finally, the French colonial empire. The majority of the populace is Arab-Berber, practicing Islam and using the official languages of Arabic and Berber. However, French functions as an administrative and education language in certain contexts, and Algerian Arabic is the primary spoken language. Algeria has a semi-presidential republic, with local constituencies comprising 58 provinces and 1,541 communes. Algeria is a regional and middle power. It has the highest human development index of all non-island African countries and one of the biggest economies on the continent, based mostly on energy exports. Algeria has the 16th largest oil reserves in the world and the second biggest in Africa, while it has the ninth largest reserves of natural gas. Sonatrach, the national oil company, is the largest company in Africa, supplying large amounts of natural gas to Europe. Algeria has one of the largest militaries in Africa and the largest defence budget. It is a member of the African Union, the Arab League, OPEC, the United Nations, and the Arab Maghreb Union, of which it is a founding member.
Source: WikipediaKyrgyzstan | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 191801km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 5543300 |
| Population density | 28.9 / km² |
Kyrgyzstan ( Kyrgyz: Кыргызстан Qırğızstan [qɯrʁɯsˈstɑn]), formally the Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyz: Кыргыз Республикасы, romanized: Qırğız Respublikası) and also known as Kirghizia (Russian: Киргизия [kʲɪrˈɡʲizʲɪjə]), is a country in Central Asia. The second-smallest of the five Central Asian countries, it occupied 0.9 percentage of the Soviet Union.It is bordered by four nations; Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west and west, Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east. Its capital and largest city is Bishkek. Kyrgyzstan's recorded history spans over 2,000 years, encompassing an assortment of cultures and empires. Although geographically isolated by its own highly mountainous terrain, which has helped preserve its ancient civilization, Kyrgyzstan has been at the crossroads of many great civilizations as part of the Silk Road and other commercial and cultural routes. Though long inhabited by a succession of independent tribes and clans, Kyrgyzstan has occasionally fallen under foreign domination. In between times of self-government it was ruled by Göktürks, the Uyghur Empire, and the Khitan people, before being defeated by the Mongols in the 13th century; subsequently it regained independence but was invaded by Kalmyks, Manchus and Uzbeks. In 1876 it became a part of the Russian Empire, remaining in the USSR as the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic following the Russian Revolution. After Mikhael Gorbachev's democratic reforms in the USSR, in 1990 pro-independence candidate Askar Akayev was elected president of the SSR. On 31 August 1991, Kyrgyzstan declared independence from Moscow, and a democratic government was afterwards established. Kyrgyzstan attained sovereignty for a nation-state only after the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. Since independence, the sovereign state has formally been a unitary parliamentary republic, even though it continues to endure cultural conflicts, revolts, economic troubles, transitional governments and political conflict. Kyrgyzstan is a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Eurasian Economic Union, the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Turkic Council, the Türksoy community and the United Nations. Ethnic Kyrgyz make up most the country's six million people, followed by significant minorities of Uzbeks and Russians. Kyrgyz is closely linked to other Turkic languages, although Russian remains widely spoken and is a formal language, a legacy of a century of Russification. Ninety percent of the population are Muslims, with the majority being Sunni. Along with its Turkic roots, Kyrgyz culture occupies elements of Persian, Mongolian and Russian influence.
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