Algeria | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 2381741km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 40263711 |
| Population density | 16.9 / km² |
Algeria ( (listen) al-JEER-ee-ə, Arabic: الجزائر al-Jazā'ir), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. The capital and most populous city is Algiers, located in the far north of the country on the Mediterranean shore. With an area of 2,381,741 square kilometres (919,595 sq mi), Algeria is the tenth-largest country on earth, and the largest by area from the African Union and the Arab world. With an estimated population of over 44 million, it is the eighth-most populous country in Africa. Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia, to the east by Libya, to the southeast by Niger, to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and the Western Saharan territory, to the west by Morocco, and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. The country has a semi-arid geography, with the majority of the populace living in the fertile north and the Sahara dominating the geography of the south. This arid geography makes the country very vulnerable to climate change.Pre-1962 Algeria has known many empires and dynasties, including early Numidians, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Umayyads, Abbasids, Idrisid, Aghlabid, Rustamid, Fatimids, Zirid, Hammadids, Almoravids, Almohads, Zayyanids, Spaniards, Ottomans and finally, the French colonial empire. The majority of the populace is Arab-Berber, practicing Islam and using the official languages of Arabic and Berber. However, French functions as an administrative and education language in certain contexts, and Algerian Arabic is the primary spoken language. Algeria has a semi-presidential republic, with local constituencies comprising 58 provinces and 1,541 communes. Algeria is a regional and middle power. It has the highest human development index of all non-island African countries and one of the biggest economies on the continent, based mostly on energy exports. Algeria has the 16th largest oil reserves in the world and the second biggest in Africa, while it has the ninth largest reserves of natural gas. Sonatrach, the national oil company, is the largest company in Africa, supplying large amounts of natural gas to Europe. Algeria has one of the largest militaries in Africa and the largest defence budget. It is a member of the African Union, the Arab League, OPEC, the United Nations, and the Arab Maghreb Union, of which it is a founding member.
Source: WikipediaIraq | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 437367km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 28946000 |
| Population density | 66.2 / km² |
Iraq (, (listen) or ; Arabic: اَلْعِرَاق, al-ʿirāq; Kurdish: عێراق Êraq), officially the Republic of Iraq (Arabic: جُمْهُورِيَّة ٱلْعِرَاقِ Jumhūriyyah al-ʿIrāq; Kurdish: کۆماری عێراق Komarî Êraq), is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west. The capital, and largest city, is Baghdad. Iraq is home to diverse groups including Arabs, Assyrians, Kurds, Turkmen, Shabakis, Yazidis, Armenians, Mandeans, Circassians, Sabians and Kawliya. Around 99% of the country's 38 million citizens are Muslims, with little minorities of Yarsans, Christians, Yezidis and Mandeans. The official languages of Iraq are Kurdish and Arabic. Iraq has a coastline measuring 58 kilometers (36 miles) on the northern Persian Gulf and encircles the Mesopotamian Alluvial Plain, the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range and the eastern portion of the Syrian Desert. Two rivers, Euphrates and the Tigris, run south through Iraq and into the Shatt al-Arab near the Persian Gulf. These rivers provide significant amounts of soil to Iraq. The region between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, historically called Mesopotamia, is often referred to as the cradle of civilisation. It was here that humanity first started to read, write, create laws and reside in cities under an organised government--especially Uruk, from which"Iraq" is derived. The area was home to successive civilisations because the 6th century BC. Iraq was the centre of the Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyrian and Babylonian empires. It was also part of the Median, Achaemenid, Hellenistic, Parthian, Sassanid, Roman, Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid, Ayyubid, Seljuk, Mongol, Timurid, Safavid, Afsharid and Ottoman empires.The country now known as Iraq was a region of the Ottoman Empire until the partition of the Ottoman Empire in the 20th century. It was composed of three provinces vilayets in the Ottoman language: Baghdad Vilayet Mosul Vilayet, and Basra Vilayet. In April 1920 the British Mandate of Mesopotamia was created under the jurisdiction of the League of Nations. A British-backed monarchy joining these vilayets was established under Faisal I of Iraq in 1921. The Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq gained independence in 1932 from the United Kingdom. In 1958, the monarchy was overthrown along with the Republic created. Iraq was controlled by the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party from 1968. In 1980, Iraq invaded Iran, sparking a protracted war that would last for eight years, and ending in a stalemate with losses for both nations. After an invasion from the United States and its allies in 2003, Saddam Hussein's Ba'ath Party was removed from power, and parliamentary elections were held in 2005. The US presence in Iraq ended in 2011, as fighters from the Syrian War spilled to the country but the insurgency continued and intensified. Out of the insurgency came a group calling itself ISIL, which required large areas of the west and north. It has been largely defeated. Disputes over Kurdistan Region's sovereignty continue. September 2017, A referendum about the entire sovereignty of Kurdistan Region was held on 25. On 9 December 2017, then-Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi declared victory over ISIL following the group lost its territory in Iraq.Iraq is a federal parliamentary republic comprising 19 governorates (provinces) and one autonomous region (Kurdistan Region). The country's official religion is Islam. Iraq celebrates the accomplishments of its past in both post-Islamic in addition to pre-Islamic times and has a very rich heritage and is well known for its poets. Sculptors and its painters are among the finest in the world, some of them being world-class in addition to producing fine handicrafts, including carpets and rugs. Iraq is a founding member of the UN as well as of the Arab League, OIC, Non-Aligned Movement and the IMF.
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