Algeria | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 2381741km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 40263711 |
| Population density | 16.9 / km² |
Algeria ( (listen) al-JEER-ee-ə, Arabic: الجزائر al-Jazā'ir), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. The capital and most populous city is Algiers, located in the far north of the country on the Mediterranean shore. With an area of 2,381,741 square kilometres (919,595 sq mi), Algeria is the tenth-largest country on earth, and the largest by area from the African Union and the Arab world. With an estimated population of over 44 million, it is the eighth-most populous country in Africa. Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia, to the east by Libya, to the southeast by Niger, to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and the Western Saharan territory, to the west by Morocco, and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. The country has a semi-arid geography, with the majority of the populace living in the fertile north and the Sahara dominating the geography of the south. This arid geography makes the country very vulnerable to climate change.Pre-1962 Algeria has known many empires and dynasties, including early Numidians, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Umayyads, Abbasids, Idrisid, Aghlabid, Rustamid, Fatimids, Zirid, Hammadids, Almoravids, Almohads, Zayyanids, Spaniards, Ottomans and finally, the French colonial empire. The majority of the populace is Arab-Berber, practicing Islam and using the official languages of Arabic and Berber. However, French functions as an administrative and education language in certain contexts, and Algerian Arabic is the primary spoken language. Algeria has a semi-presidential republic, with local constituencies comprising 58 provinces and 1,541 communes. Algeria is a regional and middle power. It has the highest human development index of all non-island African countries and one of the biggest economies on the continent, based mostly on energy exports. Algeria has the 16th largest oil reserves in the world and the second biggest in Africa, while it has the ninth largest reserves of natural gas. Sonatrach, the national oil company, is the largest company in Africa, supplying large amounts of natural gas to Europe. Algeria has one of the largest militaries in Africa and the largest defence budget. It is a member of the African Union, the Arab League, OPEC, the United Nations, and the Arab Maghreb Union, of which it is a founding member.
Source: WikipediaFinland | |
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| Land Area | 303815km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 5429894 |
| Population density | 17.9 / km² |
<p>Finland (Finnish: Suomi [ˈsuo̯mi] (listen); Swedish: Finland [ˈfɪ̌nland] (listen), Finland Swedish: [ˈfinlɑnd]), officially the Republic of Finland (Finnish: Suomen tasavalta, Swedish: Republiken Finland (listen to all)), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden to the west, Russia to the east, Estonia to the south, and north-eastern Norway to the north. </p>The capital and largest city is Helsinki. Other Important cities are Espoo, Turku, Vantaa, Oulu, Tampere, Jyväskylä, Lahti and Kuopio. Finland's population is 5.53 million as of March 2020, the vast majority of whom reside in the central and south of the country and speak Finnish, a Finnic language from the Uralic language family, unrelated to the Scandinavian languages. Finland is also the country in the European Union and the nation in Europe. It contains the Åland Islands, an autonomous region, and is a parliamentary republic of municipalities that are 310. Over 1.4 million people reside in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan region, which generates one third of the nation's GDP. Swedish is the second official language of Finland, which is largely spoken in certain regions and on Åland. A huge majority of Finns are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church.Finland was occupied when the last ice age ended, approximately 9000 BC. Comb Ceramic culture introduced pottery 5200 BC and Corded Ware culture coincided with the beginning of agriculture between 3000 and 2500 BC. The Bronze Age and Iron Age were characterised by extensive contacts with different civilizations in the Fennoscandian and Baltic regions. At the time Finland had three main cultural areas -- Karelia, Tavastia and Finland. In the late 13th century, Finland gradually became an integral part of Sweden throughout coastal Finland's Northern Crusades and the Swedish part-colonisation, a legacy reflected in the prevalence of the language and its official status. Finland was incorporated into the Russian Empire as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland. In 1906, Finland became the first European country to grant the right to vote, and also the first in the world to provide all adult citizens the right to run for public office to all adult citizens. After the 1917 Revolution, Finland declared itself independent. In 1918, civil war divided the fledgling state, with the Bolshevik-leaning Red Guard, supported by Soviet Russia, fighting the White Guard, supported by the German Empire. After a brief attempt to set up a kingdom, the country became a republic. During World War II, Finland fought the Soviet Union in the Winter War and the Continuation War and lost a land, but maintained independence. Finland remained an agrarian country until the 1950s. After World War II, the war reparations demanded by the Soviet Union forced Finland to industrialise. When building an extensive welfare state based on the model, leading to a high per capita income and prosperity the nation rapidly developed an advanced economy. Finland is a leading performer in metrics of performance, including education, economic competitiveness, civil liberties, quality of life, and evolution. Finland was ranked first in the Press Freedom Index and the World Human Capital and as the most secure country in the world during 2011 -- 2016 in the Fragile States Index, and second in the Global Gender Gap Report. It also ranked first on the World Happiness Report report for 2018, 2019 and 2020. Finland adopted an official policy of neutrality and joined the United Nations. The Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948 gave the Soviet Union some leverage in Finnish domestic politics. Finland joined the OECD in 1969, the NATO Partnership for Peace in 1994, the European Union in 1995, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council in 1997, and the Eurozone at its inception .
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