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Algeria | |
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Land Area | 2381741km² |
Land Area + Seaarea | |
Population | 40263711 |
Population density | 16.9 / km² |
Algeria ( (listen) al-JEER-ee-ə, Arabic: الجزائر al-Jazā'ir), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. The capital and most populous city is Algiers, located in the far north of the country on the Mediterranean shore. With an area of 2,381,741 square kilometres (919,595 sq mi), Algeria is the tenth-largest country on earth, and the largest by area from the African Union and the Arab world. With an estimated population of over 44 million, it is the eighth-most populous country in Africa. Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia, to the east by Libya, to the southeast by Niger, to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and the Western Saharan territory, to the west by Morocco, and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. The country has a semi-arid geography, with the majority of the populace living in the fertile north and the Sahara dominating the geography of the south. This arid geography makes the country very vulnerable to climate change.Pre-1962 Algeria has known many empires and dynasties, including early Numidians, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Umayyads, Abbasids, Idrisid, Aghlabid, Rustamid, Fatimids, Zirid, Hammadids, Almoravids, Almohads, Zayyanids, Spaniards, Ottomans and finally, the French colonial empire. The majority of the populace is Arab-Berber, practicing Islam and using the official languages of Arabic and Berber. However, French functions as an administrative and education language in certain contexts, and Algerian Arabic is the primary spoken language. Algeria has a semi-presidential republic, with local constituencies comprising 58 provinces and 1,541 communes. Algeria is a regional and middle power. It has the highest human development index of all non-island African countries and one of the biggest economies on the continent, based mostly on energy exports. Algeria has the 16th largest oil reserves in the world and the second biggest in Africa, while it has the ninth largest reserves of natural gas. Sonatrach, the national oil company, is the largest company in Africa, supplying large amounts of natural gas to Europe. Algeria has one of the largest militaries in Africa and the largest defence budget. It is a member of the African Union, the Arab League, OPEC, the United Nations, and the Arab Maghreb Union, of which it is a founding member.
Source: WikipediaEstonia | |
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Land Area | 42388km² |
Land Area + Seaarea | |
Population | 1307605 |
Population density | 30.8 / km² |
Estonia (Estonian: Eesti [ˈeːsʲti] (listen)), officially the Republic of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Vabariik), is a country on the eastern Shore of the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe.
It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by Lake Peipus and Russia (338.6 kilometers ). The land of Estonia includes the mainland and of 2,222 islands in the Baltic Sea, covering a total area of 45,227 km2 (17,462 sq mi), water 2,839 km2 (1,096 sq mi), land area 42,388 km2 (16,366 sq mi), and is influenced by a humid continental climate. Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, and Tartu are the largest cities and urban areas in the nation. Other notable cities include Narva, Pärnu, Kohtla-Järve and Viljandi. The official language of the country, Estonian, is the second-most-spoken Finnic language. The land of Estonia has been inhabited since at least 9,000 BC. Historical Estonians became some of the last European pagans to embrace Christianity after the Livonian Crusade in the 13th century. After centuries of successive rule by Germans, Danes, Swedes, Poles and Russians, a different Estonian national identity began to emerge in the 19th and early 20th centuries. This culminated in independence from Russia in 1920 after a brief War of Independence at the end of World War I. Initially democratic before the Great Depression, Estonia experienced authoritarian rule from 1934 through the Era of Silence. During World War II (1939--1945), Estonia was repeatedly contested and occupied by the Soviet Union and Germany, ultimately being incorporated into the former. Following the reduction of its de facto independence, Estonia's de jure state continuity was maintained by diplomatic representatives and the government-in-exile. In 1987 the calm Singing Revolution began against Soviet rule, resulting in the recovery of de facto independence on 20 August 1991. The sovereign state of Estonia is a democratic unitary parliamentary republic split into fifteen counties. With a population of 1.3 million Estonia is among the least populous members of the European Union, the Eurozone, the OECD, the Schengen Area, NATO, and from 2020, the United Nations Security Council.Estonia is a developed nation with an advanced, high-income market that was among the fastest-growing in the EU since its entrance in 2004 The nation ranks very high in the Human Development Index, and contrasts well in measures of economic freedom, civil liberties, education, and media freedom. Estonian citizens receive universal health care, free education, and the longest paid maternity leave in the OECD. Among the world's most digitally-advanced societies, In 2005 Estonia became the first state to hold elections over the world wide web, and in 2014, the first state to provide e-residency. Source: Wikipedia<p>Zimbabwe (), officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, formerly Rhodesia, is a landlocked...
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