Algeria | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 2381741km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 40263711 |
| Population density | 16.9 / km² |
Algeria ( (listen) al-JEER-ee-ə, Arabic: الجزائر al-Jazā'ir), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. The capital and most populous city is Algiers, located in the far north of the country on the Mediterranean shore. With an area of 2,381,741 square kilometres (919,595 sq mi), Algeria is the tenth-largest country on earth, and the largest by area from the African Union and the Arab world. With an estimated population of over 44 million, it is the eighth-most populous country in Africa. Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia, to the east by Libya, to the southeast by Niger, to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and the Western Saharan territory, to the west by Morocco, and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. The country has a semi-arid geography, with the majority of the populace living in the fertile north and the Sahara dominating the geography of the south. This arid geography makes the country very vulnerable to climate change.Pre-1962 Algeria has known many empires and dynasties, including early Numidians, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Umayyads, Abbasids, Idrisid, Aghlabid, Rustamid, Fatimids, Zirid, Hammadids, Almoravids, Almohads, Zayyanids, Spaniards, Ottomans and finally, the French colonial empire. The majority of the populace is Arab-Berber, practicing Islam and using the official languages of Arabic and Berber. However, French functions as an administrative and education language in certain contexts, and Algerian Arabic is the primary spoken language. Algeria has a semi-presidential republic, with local constituencies comprising 58 provinces and 1,541 communes. Algeria is a regional and middle power. It has the highest human development index of all non-island African countries and one of the biggest economies on the continent, based mostly on energy exports. Algeria has the 16th largest oil reserves in the world and the second biggest in Africa, while it has the ninth largest reserves of natural gas. Sonatrach, the national oil company, is the largest company in Africa, supplying large amounts of natural gas to Europe. Algeria has one of the largest militaries in Africa and the largest defence budget. It is a member of the African Union, the Arab League, OPEC, the United Nations, and the Arab Maghreb Union, of which it is a founding member.
Source: WikipediaEl Salvador | |
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| Land Area | 20721km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 6000000 |
| Population density | 289.6 / km² |
El Salvador ( (listen); Spanish: [el salβaˈðoɾ] (listen)), officially the Republic of El Salvador (Spanish: República de El Salvador, literally"Republic of The Savior"), is the smallest and the most densely populated nation in Central America. It's bordered on the northeast by Honduras, on the northwest by Guatemala, and on the south by the Pacific Ocean. The capital and largest city of el Salvador is San Salvador. As of 2018, the nation had a population of roughly 6.42 million, mostly consisting of European and Native American descent.El Salvador was, for millenia, controlled by several Mesoamerican countries, especially Lenca, ancient Mayans, then later the Cuzcatlecs up until the Spanish conquest. An Olmec presence is also suggested by monuments around the first millennium BCE. From the 16th century, the Empire conquered the land, incorporating it into the Viceroyalty of New Spain. The Viceroyalty of Mexico had little to no influence in the everyday affairs. In 1609 the area became the Captaincy General of Guatemala, where El Salvador was a part until its independence from Spain, which took place in 1821, as part of the First Mexican Empire, then later seceded, as part of the Federal Republic of Central America, in 1823. When the Republic dissolved in 1841, El Salvador became a nation, then formed a union with Honduras and Nicaragua known as the Greater Republic of Central America, which lasted from 1895 to 1898. From the 19th to the mid-20th century, El Salvador endured economic instability and chronic political characterized revolts by coups, and a series of rulers. Persistent socioeconomic inequality and civil unrest culminated in the devastating Salvadoran Civil War (1979--1992), which was fought between the military-led government and a coalition of left-wing guerrilla groups. The conflict ended with the Chapultepec Peace Accords. This settlement established a multiparty republic, which remains in place to this day. El Salvador's economy has historically been dominated by agriculture, starting with the indigo plant (añil in Spanish), the most important crop throughout the Victorian period, and followed by java, which by the early 20th century accounted for 90% of export earnings. El Salvador embarked on diversifying its economy and expanding the manufacturing sector and has since reduced its dependence on coffee. The currency of El Salvador since 1892, the colón, was replaced by the United States dollar in 2001. El Salvador ranks 14th among Latin American nations in terms of the Human Development Index and fourth in Central America (supporting Panama, Costa Rica, and Guatemala) due in part to continuing rapid industrialization. However, the country continues to struggle with high rates of poverty, inequality, and violent crime that is gang-related.
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