Albania vs Papua New Guinea

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Albania ( (listen) a(w)l-BAY-nee-ə; Albanian: Shqipëri or Shqipëria; Gheg Albanian: Shqipni or Shqipnia also Shqypni or Shqypnia), officially the Republic of Albania (Albanian: Republika e Shqipërisë, pronounced [ɾɛpuˈblika ɛ ʃcipəˈɾiːsə]), is a country in Southeast Europe on the Adriatic and Ionian Sea within the Mediterranean Sea.

It shares land borders with Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo into the northeast, North Macedonia to the east, Greece to the south and maritime borders with Greece, Montenegro and Italy to the west. Geographically, the country displays diverse climatic, geological, hydrological, and morphological conditions, defined in an area of 28,748 km2 (11,100 sq mi). It possesses significant diversity together with the landscape ranging from the snow-capped mountains in the Albanian Alps as well as the Korab, Skanderbeg, Pindus and Ceraunian Mountains to the hot and sunny coasts of the Albanian Adriatic and Ionian Sea along the Mediterranean Sea. Historically, the nation has been inhabited by numerous civilisations like the Illyrians, Thracians, Ancient Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Venetians and Ottomans. The Albanians established the autonomous Principality of Arbër in the 12th century. The Kingdom of Albania and Principality of Albania formed between the 13th and 14th centuries. Before the Ottoman conquest of Albania in the 15th century, the Albanian resistance to Ottoman expansion into Europe headed by Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg won them acclaim over most of Europe. Between the 18th and 19th centuries, cultural developments, widely attributed to Albanians having accumulated both intellectual and spiritual strength, conclusively resulted in the Albanian Renaissance. Following the defeat of the Ottomans in the Balkan Wars, the modern nation state of Albania declared independence in 1912. In the 20th century, the Kingdom of Albania was invaded by Italy which formed Greater Albania before becoming a protectorate of Nazi Germany. Enver Hoxha formed Communist Albania following the Second World War and launched the Albanians on a course of oppression and decades of isolation. The Revolutions of 1991 concluded the fall of communism in Albania and eventually the establishment of the current Republic of Albania. Politically, the country is a unitary parliamentary constitutional republic and developing nation with an upper-middle income economy dominated by the service sector, followed by manufacturing. It went through a process of transition following the end of communism in 1990, from centralized planning to a market-based economy. Albania provides universal healthcare and free primary and secondary education to its citizens.The nation is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, UNESCO, NATO, WTO, COE, OSCE, and OIC. It's an official candidate for membership in the European Union. It is one of the founding members of the Energy Community, such as the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation and Union for the Mediterranean.

Source: Wikipedia

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<p>Papua New Guinea (PNG;, also US:; Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini; Hiri Motu: Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea (Tok Pisin: Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; Hiri Motu: Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country in Oceania that occupies the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia. </p>Its capital, located along its southeastern coast, is Port Moresby. The western half of New Guinea forms the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua. It is the world's 3rd largest island country using 462,840 km2 (178,700 sq mi).At the national level, after being dominated by three outside forces since 1884, Papua New Guinea established its sovereignty in 1975. This followed almost 60 years. It became an independent Commonwealth kingdom in 1975 with Elizabeth II as its queen. It also became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations in its own right. Papua New Guinea is one of the most culturally diverse nations in the world. It is among the most rural, as eighteen percent of its people live in urban centres. There are 851 languages in the country, of which 11 currently don't have any known speakers. The majority of the population of over 8 million people lives in customary communities, which are as varied as the languages. The country is among the world's least explored, culturally and geographically. It is known to have numerous groups of uncontacted peoples, and researchers believe there are lots of undiscovered species of plants and animals in the interior.Papua New Guinea is classified as a growing economy by the International Monetary Fund. Strong growth in the mining and resource industry of Papua New Guinea led to the country becoming the sixth-fastest-growing economy in the world in 2011. Once important resource projects came on line in 2015 growth was expected to slow. Mining remains a major economic factor, however. Federal and local governments are currently talking about the potential of resuming mining operations in Bougainville Province, which has been shut since the civil war in the 1980s -- 1990s at the Panguna mine. Nearly 40 percent of the population lives a self-sustainable natural lifestyle with no access to global capital.Most of the people still live in powerful traditional social groups based on farming. Their lives combine traditional religion with practices, including education. These societies and clans are explicitly acknowledged by the Papua New Guinea Constitution, which expresses the desire for"traditional villages and communities to remain as viable units of Papua New Guinean society" and protects their continuing significance to local and national community life. The country has filed its application, and is an observer state since 1976 in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations or ASEAN. It is a full member of the Pacific Community (SPC), the Pacific Islands Forum (formerly South Pacific Forum) and the Commonwealth of Nations.

Source: Wikipedia