Albania vs Bhutan

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Albania ( (listen) a(w)l-BAY-nee-ə; Albanian: Shqipëri or Shqipëria; Gheg Albanian: Shqipni or Shqipnia also Shqypni or Shqypnia), officially the Republic of Albania (Albanian: Republika e Shqipërisë, pronounced [ɾɛpuˈblika ɛ ʃcipəˈɾiːsə]), is a country in Southeast Europe on the Adriatic and Ionian Sea within the Mediterranean Sea.

It shares land borders with Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo into the northeast, North Macedonia to the east, Greece to the south and maritime borders with Greece, Montenegro and Italy to the west. Geographically, the country displays diverse climatic, geological, hydrological, and morphological conditions, defined in an area of 28,748 km2 (11,100 sq mi). It possesses significant diversity together with the landscape ranging from the snow-capped mountains in the Albanian Alps as well as the Korab, Skanderbeg, Pindus and Ceraunian Mountains to the hot and sunny coasts of the Albanian Adriatic and Ionian Sea along the Mediterranean Sea. Historically, the nation has been inhabited by numerous civilisations like the Illyrians, Thracians, Ancient Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Venetians and Ottomans. The Albanians established the autonomous Principality of Arbër in the 12th century. The Kingdom of Albania and Principality of Albania formed between the 13th and 14th centuries. Before the Ottoman conquest of Albania in the 15th century, the Albanian resistance to Ottoman expansion into Europe headed by Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg won them acclaim over most of Europe. Between the 18th and 19th centuries, cultural developments, widely attributed to Albanians having accumulated both intellectual and spiritual strength, conclusively resulted in the Albanian Renaissance. Following the defeat of the Ottomans in the Balkan Wars, the modern nation state of Albania declared independence in 1912. In the 20th century, the Kingdom of Albania was invaded by Italy which formed Greater Albania before becoming a protectorate of Nazi Germany. Enver Hoxha formed Communist Albania following the Second World War and launched the Albanians on a course of oppression and decades of isolation. The Revolutions of 1991 concluded the fall of communism in Albania and eventually the establishment of the current Republic of Albania. Politically, the country is a unitary parliamentary constitutional republic and developing nation with an upper-middle income economy dominated by the service sector, followed by manufacturing. It went through a process of transition following the end of communism in 1990, from centralized planning to a market-based economy. Albania provides universal healthcare and free primary and secondary education to its citizens.The nation is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, UNESCO, NATO, WTO, COE, OSCE, and OIC. It's an official candidate for membership in the European Union. It is one of the founding members of the Energy Community, such as the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation and Union for the Mediterranean.

Source: Wikipedia

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Bhutan ( (listen); Dzongkha: འབྲུག་ཡུལ, romanized: Druk Yul, [ʈuk̚˩.yː˩]), officially the Kingdom of Bhutan (Dzongkha: འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ, romanized: Druk Gyal Khap), is a landlocked nation in South Asia. Located in the Eastern Himalayas, It's bordered by the Tibet Autonomous Region of China in the north, the Chumbi Valley of Tibet, China and the Indian states of Sikkim and West Bengal in the west, and the Indian states of Assam, West Bengal and Arunachal Pradesh in the south and east. Bhutan is the second-least-populous country after the Maldives of the region and is geopolitically in South Asia. While Phuntsholing is its financial centre thimphu is largest city and its capital. The independence of bhutan has endured for centuries. It's never been colonized in its history. Situated on the ancient Silk Road between the Indian subcontinent, Tibet and Southeast Asia, the Bhutanese state developed a different national identity based on Buddhism. Headed by a leader known as the Zhabdrung Rinpoche, the land comprised many fiefdoms and has been governed as a Buddhist theocracy. After a civil war in the 19th century, the country was reunited by the House of Wangchuck and established relations. During the rise of Chinese communism, Bhutan fostered a strategic partnership Following the end of the British Raj . From the early 1990s, the authorities deported much of the Nepali-speaking Lhotsampa minority of the country, sparking a refugee crisis in Nepal. In 2008, Bhutan transitioned from an absolute monarchy and held the first election to the National Assembly of Bhutan. The National Assembly is part of the bicameral parliament of the Bhutanese democracy.The country's landscape ranges from lush subtropical plains in the south to the sub-alpine Himalayan mountains in the north, where there are peaks higher than 7,000 metres (23,000 ft). Gangkhar Puensum may be the highest unclimbed mountain in the world and is Bhutan's highest peak. Bhutan's wildlife is notable for its diversity. Bhutan ranks first in liberty, ease of doing business and calmness and is the least corrupt nation in the area as of 2016. It has been a country, but expects to graduate from this standing by 2023. Hydroelectricity accounts for most of its exports. The government is a parliamentary democracy; the head of state is the King of Bhutan, known as the"Dragon King." Bhutan maintains relations with 52 countries and the European Union, but doesn't have formal ties with the United Nations Security Council's five permanent members. It is a member of the United Nations, SAARC, BIMSTEC and the Non-Aligned Movement. A close relationship is maintained by the Royal Bhutan Army . Bhutan is also notable for pioneering the concept of gross national happiness.

Source: Wikipedia