Afghanistan | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 652230km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 32738376 |
| Population density | 50.2 / km² |
Afghanistan ( (listen); Pashto/Dari: افغانستان, Pashto: Afġānistān [avɣɒnisˈtɒn, ab-], Dari: Afġānestān [avɣɒnesˈtɒn]), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country in South and Central Asia. Afghanistan is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south; Iran to the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan to the north; and China to the northeast. Occupying 652,000 square kilometers (252,000 sq mi), it is a mountainous country with plains in the north and southwest. Kabul is the capital and largest city. The population is around 32 million, mostly composed of ethnic Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras and Uzbeks. Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era, and the country's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia. The land has historically been home to various peoples and has witnessed numerous military campaigns, including those by Alexander the Great, Mauryas, Muslim Arabs, Mongols, British, Soviets, and by the United States with allied countries. The land also served as the source from which the Kushans, Hephthalites, Samanids, Saffarids, Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Khaljis, Mughals, Hotaks, Durranis, and others have risen to form major empires. The political history of the modern state of Afghanistan began with the Hotak and Durrani dynasties in the 18th century, with Ahmad Shah Abdali being considered as the founder of the state. In the late 19th century, Afghanistan became a buffer state in the "Great Game" between British India and the Russian Empire. Its border with British India, the Durand Line, was formed in 1893 but it is not recognized by the Afghan government and it has led to strained relations with Pakistan since the latter's independence in 1947. In the First Anglo-Afghan War, the British East India Company seized control of Afghanistan briefly, but following the Third Anglo-Afghan War in 1919 the country was free of foreign influence, eventually becoming a monarchy under Amanullah Khan, until almost 50 years later when Zahir Shah was overthrown and a republic was established. In 1978, after a second coup Afghanistan first became a socialist state and then a Soviet protectorate. This evoked the Soviet–Afghan War in the 1980s against mujahideen rebels. By 1996 most of Afghanistan was captured by the Islamic fundamentalist group the Taliban, who ruled as a totalitarian regime for over five years. Following the 9/11 attacks, an intervention by the US and its allies forcibly removed the Taliban from power, and a new democratically-elected government was formed, but the Taliban still control a significant portion of the country. Afghanistan is a unitary presidential Islamic republic. The country has high levels of terrorism, poverty, child malnutrition, and corruption. It is a member of the United Nations, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Group of 77, the Economic Cooperation Organization, and the Non-Aligned Movement. Afghanistan's economy is the world's 96th largest, with a gross domestic product (GDP) of $72.9 billion by purchasing power parity; the country fares much worse in terms of per-capita GDP (PPP), ranking 169th out of 186 countries as of 2018.
Source: WikipediaTunisia | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 155360km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 0 |
| Population density | 0.0 / km² |
Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is a state in the Maghreb region of North Africa, covering 163,610 square kilometres (63,170 square miles). Cape Angela, its northernmost point, is also the northernmost point on the continent. Tunisia is east and bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north. Tunisia's population was 11.7 million in 2019. Tunisia's name is derived from its capital city, Tunis (Berber native name: Tunest), which is located on its northeast shore. Tunisia contains the northern reaches of the Sahara desert, and the eastern end of the Atlas Mountains. Much of the rest of the country's land is fertile soil. Its 1,300 kilometres (810 miles) of coastline include the African conjunction of the western and southern areas of the Mediterranean Basin and, by means of the Sicilian Strait and Sardinian Channel, feature the African mainland's second and third closest points to Europe after Gibraltar. Tunisia is a unitary representative democratic republic. It's thought of as the only fully democratic state in the Arab world. It has a high human development index. It has an association agreement with the European Union; is a member of La Francophonie, the Union for the Mediterranean, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, the Arab Maghreb Union, the Arab League, the OIC, the Greater Arab Free Trade Area, the Community of Sahel--Saharan States, the African Union, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Group of 77; and has obtained the status of major non-NATO ally of the USA. Tunisia is also a country party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and a member state of the United Nations. Connections with Europe, through privatisation, economic cooperation and modernization, have been forged in particular with France and with Italy. In ancient times, Berbers inhabited Tunisia. Phoenician immigration started in the 12th century BC; those immigrants founded Carthage. A military rival of the Roman Republic, Carthage and A mercantile power was defeated by the Romans in 146 BC. The Romans occupied Tunisia for the majority of the next 800 years, introduced Christianity and abandoned legacies. After several attempts starting in 647, Muslims introduced Islam and conquered the whole of Tunisia by 697. After a succession of campaigns beginning to conquer and colonize the area, control was established by the Ottoman Empire in 1574 and held sway for over 300 decades afterwards. French colonization of Tunisia happened in 1881. Tunisia gained independence and announced the Tunisian Republic in 1957. The Tunisian Revolution resulted in the overthrow of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, followed by elections. The country voted for parliament on 26 October 2014, and for President on 23 November 2014. Consequently, Tunisia is the only country in North Africa categorized as"Free" by the Freedom House organization and is also considered by The Economist's Democracy Index as the only democracy in the Arab World.
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