Afghanistan | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 652230km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 32738376 |
| Population density | 50.2 / km² |
Afghanistan ( (listen); Pashto/Dari: افغانستان, Pashto: Afġānistān [avɣɒnisˈtɒn, ab-], Dari: Afġānestān [avɣɒnesˈtɒn]), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country in South and Central Asia. Afghanistan is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south; Iran to the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan to the north; and China to the northeast. Occupying 652,000 square kilometers (252,000 sq mi), it is a mountainous country with plains in the north and southwest. Kabul is the capital and largest city. The population is around 32 million, mostly composed of ethnic Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras and Uzbeks. Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era, and the country's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia. The land has historically been home to various peoples and has witnessed numerous military campaigns, including those by Alexander the Great, Mauryas, Muslim Arabs, Mongols, British, Soviets, and by the United States with allied countries. The land also served as the source from which the Kushans, Hephthalites, Samanids, Saffarids, Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Khaljis, Mughals, Hotaks, Durranis, and others have risen to form major empires. The political history of the modern state of Afghanistan began with the Hotak and Durrani dynasties in the 18th century, with Ahmad Shah Abdali being considered as the founder of the state. In the late 19th century, Afghanistan became a buffer state in the "Great Game" between British India and the Russian Empire. Its border with British India, the Durand Line, was formed in 1893 but it is not recognized by the Afghan government and it has led to strained relations with Pakistan since the latter's independence in 1947. In the First Anglo-Afghan War, the British East India Company seized control of Afghanistan briefly, but following the Third Anglo-Afghan War in 1919 the country was free of foreign influence, eventually becoming a monarchy under Amanullah Khan, until almost 50 years later when Zahir Shah was overthrown and a republic was established. In 1978, after a second coup Afghanistan first became a socialist state and then a Soviet protectorate. This evoked the Soviet–Afghan War in the 1980s against mujahideen rebels. By 1996 most of Afghanistan was captured by the Islamic fundamentalist group the Taliban, who ruled as a totalitarian regime for over five years. Following the 9/11 attacks, an intervention by the US and its allies forcibly removed the Taliban from power, and a new democratically-elected government was formed, but the Taliban still control a significant portion of the country. Afghanistan is a unitary presidential Islamic republic. The country has high levels of terrorism, poverty, child malnutrition, and corruption. It is a member of the United Nations, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Group of 77, the Economic Cooperation Organization, and the Non-Aligned Movement. Afghanistan's economy is the world's 96th largest, with a gross domestic product (GDP) of $72.9 billion by purchasing power parity; the country fares much worse in terms of per-capita GDP (PPP), ranking 169th out of 186 countries as of 2018.
Source: WikipediaTaiwan | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 32260km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 23127845 |
| Population density | 716.9 / km² |
<p>Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. </p>Neighbouring states comprise the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the north-west, Japan into the north-east, and the Philippines to the south. The island of Taiwan has a region of 35,808 square kilometres (13,826 sq mi), with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third, where its highly urbanised population is concentrated. Taipei is the capital and largest metropolitan area. Other Important cities include Kaohsiung, Taichung, Tainan and Taoyuan. With 23.7 million inhabitants, Taiwan is one of the most densely populated countries, and is the most populous country and biggest economy that's not a member of the United Nations (UN). The island of Taiwan settled around 6,000 years back. In the 17th century, the island opened to Han immigration. After the brief Kingdom of Tungning in parts of the western and southern areas of the island, the island was annexed in 1683 by the Qing dynasty of China, and ceded to the Empire of Japan. On behalf of the World War II Allies took control of Taiwan After the surrender of Japan in 1945. The resumption of the Chinese Civil War led to the loss of the mainland into the flight of the ROC government and the Communist Party of China to Taiwan in 1949. Even though the ROC government continued to claim to be the representative of China, since 1950 its jurisdiction was limited to Taiwan and numerous smaller islands. In the early 1960s, Taiwan entered a period of accelerated economic growth and industrialisation known as the"Taiwan Miracle". In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the ROC transitioned from a military dictatorship. The economy of taiwan is the with major contributions from steel, machinery, electronics and chemicals manufacturing. Taiwan is a developed country, ranking 15th in GDP per capita. It is ranked highly in terms of political and civil liberties, education, healthcare and human development.The political status of Taiwan remains unclear. The ROC is no longer a member of the UN. The PRC, which refuses relations with nations that recognise the ROC claims taiwan. Taiwan maintains ties with 14 from the Holy See and 193 UN member countries. International organisations where let it participate on a non-state basis or the PRC participates either refuse to grant membership to Taiwan. Taiwan is a member of Asian Development Bank, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation and the World Trade Organization under different names. Countries and nations with economies that are large maintain unofficial ties with Taiwan through offices and institutions which serve as de facto embassies and consulates. Domestically, the political division is between parties encouraging identity and encouraging a identity and favouring eventual Chinese unification, although both sides have moderated their positions to broaden their appeal.
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