Afghanistan | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 652230km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 32738376 |
| Population density | 50.2 / km² |
Afghanistan ( (listen); Pashto/Dari: افغانستان, Pashto: Afġānistān [avɣɒnisˈtɒn, ab-], Dari: Afġānestān [avɣɒnesˈtɒn]), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country in South and Central Asia. Afghanistan is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south; Iran to the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan to the north; and China to the northeast. Occupying 652,000 square kilometers (252,000 sq mi), it is a mountainous country with plains in the north and southwest. Kabul is the capital and largest city. The population is around 32 million, mostly composed of ethnic Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras and Uzbeks. Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era, and the country's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia. The land has historically been home to various peoples and has witnessed numerous military campaigns, including those by Alexander the Great, Mauryas, Muslim Arabs, Mongols, British, Soviets, and by the United States with allied countries. The land also served as the source from which the Kushans, Hephthalites, Samanids, Saffarids, Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Khaljis, Mughals, Hotaks, Durranis, and others have risen to form major empires. The political history of the modern state of Afghanistan began with the Hotak and Durrani dynasties in the 18th century, with Ahmad Shah Abdali being considered as the founder of the state. In the late 19th century, Afghanistan became a buffer state in the "Great Game" between British India and the Russian Empire. Its border with British India, the Durand Line, was formed in 1893 but it is not recognized by the Afghan government and it has led to strained relations with Pakistan since the latter's independence in 1947. In the First Anglo-Afghan War, the British East India Company seized control of Afghanistan briefly, but following the Third Anglo-Afghan War in 1919 the country was free of foreign influence, eventually becoming a monarchy under Amanullah Khan, until almost 50 years later when Zahir Shah was overthrown and a republic was established. In 1978, after a second coup Afghanistan first became a socialist state and then a Soviet protectorate. This evoked the Soviet–Afghan War in the 1980s against mujahideen rebels. By 1996 most of Afghanistan was captured by the Islamic fundamentalist group the Taliban, who ruled as a totalitarian regime for over five years. Following the 9/11 attacks, an intervention by the US and its allies forcibly removed the Taliban from power, and a new democratically-elected government was formed, but the Taliban still control a significant portion of the country. Afghanistan is a unitary presidential Islamic republic. The country has high levels of terrorism, poverty, child malnutrition, and corruption. It is a member of the United Nations, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Group of 77, the Economic Cooperation Organization, and the Non-Aligned Movement. Afghanistan's economy is the world's 96th largest, with a gross domestic product (GDP) of $72.9 billion by purchasing power parity; the country fares much worse in terms of per-capita GDP (PPP), ranking 169th out of 186 countries as of 2018.
Source: WikipediaNepal | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 143351km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 29519114 |
| Population density | 205.9 / km² |
Nepal (Nepali: नेपाल [neˈpal]), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a country in South Asia. It is found mainly in the Himalayas, but also includes parts of this Indo-Gangetic Plain. It is the largest country by population and country. It is landlocked, and borders China in the north and India in the south, east and west, while Bangladesh is located within just 27 km (17 mi) of its southeastern tip and Bhutan is separated from it by the Indian state of Sikkim. Nepal has a varied geography, including subalpine forested hills, fertile plains, and eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including Mount Everest. Kathmandu is the capital and the largest city. Nepal is a multiethnic country with Nepali as the official language. The name"Nepal" is first recorded in texts in the Vedic period of the Indian subcontinent, the era in ancient India when Hinduism was founded, the predominant religion of the country. In the middle of the first millennium BCE, Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, was born in Nepal that was southern. Parts of Nepal were intertwined with the culture of Tibet. The Kathmandu Valley is intertwined with the culture of Indo-Aryans, and was the chair of the Newar confederacy called Nepal Mandala. The traders of the valley dominated the branch of the ancient Silk Road. The cosmopolitan region developed architecture and classic art. By the 18th century, the Gorkha Kingdom achieved the unification of Nepal. The Shah dynasty established the Kingdom of Nepal and formed an alliance under its Rana dynasty of premiers, with the British Empire. The country was never colonized but functioned as a buffer state between Imperial China and British India. Parliamentary democracy was introduced in 1951, but was suspended by Nepalese monarchs, in 2005 and 1960. The Nepalese Civil War in the 1990s and early 2000s resulted in the formation of a secular republic in 2008, ending the world Hindu monarchy. The Constitution of Nepal, adopted in 2015, affirms Nepal as a parliamentary republic divided into seven provinces. Nepal was declared to the United Nations in 1955, and friendship treaties were signed in 1960 with the People's Republic of China and India in 1950. Nepal hosts the permanent secretariat of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), where it is a founding member. Nepal is the Bay of Bengal Initiative and a member of the Non-Aligned Movement. Nepal's army is the fifth biggest in South Asia; it is notable for its Gurkha history, particularly and has been a contributor to United Nations peacekeeping operations.
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