Afghanistan | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 652230km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 32738376 |
| Population density | 50.2 / km² |
Afghanistan ( (listen); Pashto/Dari: افغانستان, Pashto: Afġānistān [avɣɒnisˈtɒn, ab-], Dari: Afġānestān [avɣɒnesˈtɒn]), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country in South and Central Asia. Afghanistan is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south; Iran to the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan to the north; and China to the northeast. Occupying 652,000 square kilometers (252,000 sq mi), it is a mountainous country with plains in the north and southwest. Kabul is the capital and largest city. The population is around 32 million, mostly composed of ethnic Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras and Uzbeks. Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era, and the country's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia. The land has historically been home to various peoples and has witnessed numerous military campaigns, including those by Alexander the Great, Mauryas, Muslim Arabs, Mongols, British, Soviets, and by the United States with allied countries. The land also served as the source from which the Kushans, Hephthalites, Samanids, Saffarids, Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Khaljis, Mughals, Hotaks, Durranis, and others have risen to form major empires. The political history of the modern state of Afghanistan began with the Hotak and Durrani dynasties in the 18th century, with Ahmad Shah Abdali being considered as the founder of the state. In the late 19th century, Afghanistan became a buffer state in the "Great Game" between British India and the Russian Empire. Its border with British India, the Durand Line, was formed in 1893 but it is not recognized by the Afghan government and it has led to strained relations with Pakistan since the latter's independence in 1947. In the First Anglo-Afghan War, the British East India Company seized control of Afghanistan briefly, but following the Third Anglo-Afghan War in 1919 the country was free of foreign influence, eventually becoming a monarchy under Amanullah Khan, until almost 50 years later when Zahir Shah was overthrown and a republic was established. In 1978, after a second coup Afghanistan first became a socialist state and then a Soviet protectorate. This evoked the Soviet–Afghan War in the 1980s against mujahideen rebels. By 1996 most of Afghanistan was captured by the Islamic fundamentalist group the Taliban, who ruled as a totalitarian regime for over five years. Following the 9/11 attacks, an intervention by the US and its allies forcibly removed the Taliban from power, and a new democratically-elected government was formed, but the Taliban still control a significant portion of the country. Afghanistan is a unitary presidential Islamic republic. The country has high levels of terrorism, poverty, child malnutrition, and corruption. It is a member of the United Nations, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Group of 77, the Economic Cooperation Organization, and the Non-Aligned Movement. Afghanistan's economy is the world's 96th largest, with a gross domestic product (GDP) of $72.9 billion by purchasing power parity; the country fares much worse in terms of per-capita GDP (PPP), ranking 169th out of 186 countries as of 2018.
Source: WikipediaLiberia | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 96320km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 3476608 |
| Population density | 36.1 / km² |
Liberia ( (listen)), officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African shore. Sierra Leone to its northwest, Guinea to its north, Ivory Coast to its east, and the Atlantic Ocean to its south-southwest borders it. It covers an area of 111,369 square kilometres (43,000 sq mi) and has a population of around 4,900,000. Over 20 indigenous languages are spoken, representing the numerous ethnic groups who make up more than 95% of the population, although english is the official language. The capital and largest city of the country is Monrovia. Liberia started as a settlement of the American Colonization Society (ACS), who thought black people would face better opportunities for freedom and prosperity in Africa than in america. The country declared its independence on July 26, 1847. The U.S. failed to recognize Liberia's independence until February 5, 1862, during the American Civil War. Between January 7, 1822, and the American Civil War, over 15,000 freed and free-born black people who confronted legislated limits in the U.S., and 3,198 Afro-Caribbeans, relocated into the settlement. The settlers carried tradition and their culture with them. The Liberian flag and constitution were modeled after those of the U.S. On January 3, 1848, Joseph Jenkins Roberts, a wealthy, free-born African American from Virginia who settled in Liberia, was elected Liberia's first president after the people proclaimed independence.Liberia was the first African republic to proclaim its independence, and is Africa's first and earliest modern republic. It preserved its independence during the Scramble for Africa. During World War II, Liberia supported the United States war efforts against Germany and subsequently, the U.S. invested in considerable infrastructure in Liberia to help its war effort, which also helped the country in modernizing and improving its important air transportation facilities. Additionally, economic changes encouraged. Liberia was a member of the League of Nations, United Nations, and the Organisation of African Unity. The Americo-Liberian settlers didn't relate well to the indigenous peoples they encountered, particularly those in communities of the more isolated"bush". The colonial settlements were raided by the Kru and Grebo in their chiefdoms that were inland. Americo-Liberians developed as a small elite which indigenous tribesmen, and held on to power were excluded from birthright citizenship in their own territory until 1904, in an echo of the United States' treatment of Native Americans. Americo-Liberians promoted organizations to establish schools and assignments to educate the indigenous peoples. In 1980 political tensions from the rule of William R. Tolbert resulted in a military coup during which Tolbert was killed, marking the beginning of years-long political instability. The First and Second Liberian Civil Wars followed five Decades of military rule by the People's Redemption Council and five years of rule by the National Democratic Party of Liberia. These caused the deaths of 250,000 people (about 8 percent of the population) and the displacement of many more, and shrank Liberia's economy by 90%. A peace agreement in 2003 led to elections in 2005, where Ellen Johnson Sirleaf was elected President, making history. With 83 percent of the population living below the poverty line infrastructure and social services were affected by the conflicts.
Source: WikipediaKiribati (), officially the Republic of Kiribati (Gilbertese: [Ribaberiki] Kiribati), is an...
Afghanistan ( (listen); Pashto/Dari: افغانستان, Pashto: Afġānistān [avɣɒnisˈtɒn, ab-], Dari:...
Malawi (, or; Chichewa: [maláβi] or [maláwi]), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a...
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