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Afghanistan | |
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Land Area | 652230km² |
Land Area + Seaarea | |
Population | 32738376 |
Population density | 50.2 / km² |
Afghanistan ( (listen); Pashto/Dari: افغانستان, Pashto: Afġānistān [avɣɒnisˈtɒn, ab-], Dari: Afġānestān [avɣɒnesˈtɒn]), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country in South and Central Asia. Afghanistan is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south; Iran to the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan to the north; and China to the northeast. Occupying 652,000 square kilometers (252,000 sq mi), it is a mountainous country with plains in the north and southwest. Kabul is the capital and largest city. The population is around 32 million, mostly composed of ethnic Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras and Uzbeks. Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era, and the country's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia. The land has historically been home to various peoples and has witnessed numerous military campaigns, including those by Alexander the Great, Mauryas, Muslim Arabs, Mongols, British, Soviets, and by the United States with allied countries. The land also served as the source from which the Kushans, Hephthalites, Samanids, Saffarids, Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Khaljis, Mughals, Hotaks, Durranis, and others have risen to form major empires. The political history of the modern state of Afghanistan began with the Hotak and Durrani dynasties in the 18th century, with Ahmad Shah Abdali being considered as the founder of the state. In the late 19th century, Afghanistan became a buffer state in the "Great Game" between British India and the Russian Empire. Its border with British India, the Durand Line, was formed in 1893 but it is not recognized by the Afghan government and it has led to strained relations with Pakistan since the latter's independence in 1947. In the First Anglo-Afghan War, the British East India Company seized control of Afghanistan briefly, but following the Third Anglo-Afghan War in 1919 the country was free of foreign influence, eventually becoming a monarchy under Amanullah Khan, until almost 50 years later when Zahir Shah was overthrown and a republic was established. In 1978, after a second coup Afghanistan first became a socialist state and then a Soviet protectorate. This evoked the Soviet–Afghan War in the 1980s against mujahideen rebels. By 1996 most of Afghanistan was captured by the Islamic fundamentalist group the Taliban, who ruled as a totalitarian regime for over five years. Following the 9/11 attacks, an intervention by the US and its allies forcibly removed the Taliban from power, and a new democratically-elected government was formed, but the Taliban still control a significant portion of the country. Afghanistan is a unitary presidential Islamic republic. The country has high levels of terrorism, poverty, child malnutrition, and corruption. It is a member of the United Nations, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Group of 77, the Economic Cooperation Organization, and the Non-Aligned Movement. Afghanistan's economy is the world's 96th largest, with a gross domestic product (GDP) of $72.9 billion by purchasing power parity; the country fares much worse in terms of per-capita GDP (PPP), ranking 169th out of 186 countries as of 2018.
Source: WikipediaJordan | |
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Land Area | 88802km² |
Land Area + Seaarea | |
Population | 6343000 |
Population density | 71.4 / km² |
Jordan (Arabic: الأردن; tr. Al-ʾUrdunn [al.ʔur.dunː]), formally the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (Arabic: المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية; tr. Al-Mamlakah al-'Urdunniyyah Al-Hāshimiyyah), is an Arab country in Western Asia, on the East Bank of the Jordan River. Jordan is bordered by Saudi Arabia to Syria to the north and the east, Iraq to the north-east, the south and Israel and Palestine to the west. The Dead Sea is located along its western borders and the country has a 26-kilometre (16 mi) coastline on the Red Sea in its intense south-west. Jordan is strategically located at the crossroads of Asia, Africa and Europe. The capital, Amman, is Jordan's most populous city in addition to the country's economic, cultural and political centre.What is now Jordan has been inhabited by humans since the Paleolithic period. Three kingdoms emerged there at the end of the Bronze Age: Moab, Ammon and Edom. Later rulers comprise the Roman Empire, the Nabataean Kingdom, and the Ottoman Empire. Following the Great Arab Revolt against the Ottomans in 1916 during World War I, the Ottoman Empire was partitioned by Britain and France. The Hashemite established in 1921 the Emirate of Transjordan Emir, Abdullah I, and the emirate became a British protectorate. In 1946, Jordan became an independent state formally known as the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan, but was renamed in 1949 to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan following the country seized the West Bank during the 1948 Arab--Israeli War and annexed it before it was lost to Israel in 1967. Jordan renounced its claim to the territory in 1988, and became one of two Arab countries to sign a peace treaty with Israel in 1994. Jordan is a member of the Arab League and the Organisation of Islamic Co-operation. The state is a constitutional monarchy, but the king holds legislative and executive powers. Jordan is a relatively small, semi-arid, almost landlocked country with an area of 89,342 km2 (34,495 sq mi) and a population numbering 10 million, which makes it the 11th-most populous Arab country. Sunni Islam, practiced by around 95% of the population, is the dominant religion and coexists with an minority that is Christian. Jordan has been repeatedly referred to as an"oasis of stability" in a turbulent region. It's been unscathed. From as early as 1948, Jordan has accepted refugees. An estimated 2.1 million Palestinian and 1.4 million Syrian refugees are present in Jordan as of a 2015 census. The kingdom is a refuge to thousands of Christians. While Jordan continues to take refugees, the recent large influx from Syria placed substantial strain on national resources and infrastructure.Jordan is categorized as a country of"high human development" with an"upper middle income" economy. The Jordanian economy, among the economies in the region, is attractive to investors based upon a skilled workforce. The country is a significant tourist destination, also attracting medical tourism because of its well developed health industry. Nonetheless, economic growth has been hampered by a lack of resources , large flow of refugees and turmoil.
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