Afghanistan | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 652230km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 32738376 |
| Population density | 50.2 / km² |
Afghanistan ( (listen); Pashto/Dari: افغانستان, Pashto: Afġānistān [avɣɒnisˈtɒn, ab-], Dari: Afġānestān [avɣɒnesˈtɒn]), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country in South and Central Asia. Afghanistan is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south; Iran to the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan to the north; and China to the northeast. Occupying 652,000 square kilometers (252,000 sq mi), it is a mountainous country with plains in the north and southwest. Kabul is the capital and largest city. The population is around 32 million, mostly composed of ethnic Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras and Uzbeks. Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era, and the country's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia. The land has historically been home to various peoples and has witnessed numerous military campaigns, including those by Alexander the Great, Mauryas, Muslim Arabs, Mongols, British, Soviets, and by the United States with allied countries. The land also served as the source from which the Kushans, Hephthalites, Samanids, Saffarids, Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Khaljis, Mughals, Hotaks, Durranis, and others have risen to form major empires. The political history of the modern state of Afghanistan began with the Hotak and Durrani dynasties in the 18th century, with Ahmad Shah Abdali being considered as the founder of the state. In the late 19th century, Afghanistan became a buffer state in the "Great Game" between British India and the Russian Empire. Its border with British India, the Durand Line, was formed in 1893 but it is not recognized by the Afghan government and it has led to strained relations with Pakistan since the latter's independence in 1947. In the First Anglo-Afghan War, the British East India Company seized control of Afghanistan briefly, but following the Third Anglo-Afghan War in 1919 the country was free of foreign influence, eventually becoming a monarchy under Amanullah Khan, until almost 50 years later when Zahir Shah was overthrown and a republic was established. In 1978, after a second coup Afghanistan first became a socialist state and then a Soviet protectorate. This evoked the Soviet–Afghan War in the 1980s against mujahideen rebels. By 1996 most of Afghanistan was captured by the Islamic fundamentalist group the Taliban, who ruled as a totalitarian regime for over five years. Following the 9/11 attacks, an intervention by the US and its allies forcibly removed the Taliban from power, and a new democratically-elected government was formed, but the Taliban still control a significant portion of the country. Afghanistan is a unitary presidential Islamic republic. The country has high levels of terrorism, poverty, child malnutrition, and corruption. It is a member of the United Nations, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Group of 77, the Economic Cooperation Organization, and the Non-Aligned Movement. Afghanistan's economy is the world's 96th largest, with a gross domestic product (GDP) of $72.9 billion by purchasing power parity; the country fares much worse in terms of per-capita GDP (PPP), ranking 169th out of 186 countries as of 2018.
Source: WikipediaEl Salvador | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 20721km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 6000000 |
| Population density | 289.6 / km² |
El Salvador ( (listen); Spanish: [el salβaˈðoɾ] (listen)), officially the Republic of El Salvador (Spanish: República de El Salvador, literally"Republic of The Savior"), is the smallest and the most densely populated nation in Central America. It's bordered on the northeast by Honduras, on the northwest by Guatemala, and on the south by the Pacific Ocean. The capital and largest city of el Salvador is San Salvador. As of 2018, the nation had a population of roughly 6.42 million, mostly consisting of European and Native American descent.El Salvador was, for millenia, controlled by several Mesoamerican countries, especially Lenca, ancient Mayans, then later the Cuzcatlecs up until the Spanish conquest. An Olmec presence is also suggested by monuments around the first millennium BCE. From the 16th century, the Empire conquered the land, incorporating it into the Viceroyalty of New Spain. The Viceroyalty of Mexico had little to no influence in the everyday affairs. In 1609 the area became the Captaincy General of Guatemala, where El Salvador was a part until its independence from Spain, which took place in 1821, as part of the First Mexican Empire, then later seceded, as part of the Federal Republic of Central America, in 1823. When the Republic dissolved in 1841, El Salvador became a nation, then formed a union with Honduras and Nicaragua known as the Greater Republic of Central America, which lasted from 1895 to 1898. From the 19th to the mid-20th century, El Salvador endured economic instability and chronic political characterized revolts by coups, and a series of rulers. Persistent socioeconomic inequality and civil unrest culminated in the devastating Salvadoran Civil War (1979--1992), which was fought between the military-led government and a coalition of left-wing guerrilla groups. The conflict ended with the Chapultepec Peace Accords. This settlement established a multiparty republic, which remains in place to this day. El Salvador's economy has historically been dominated by agriculture, starting with the indigo plant (añil in Spanish), the most important crop throughout the Victorian period, and followed by java, which by the early 20th century accounted for 90% of export earnings. El Salvador embarked on diversifying its economy and expanding the manufacturing sector and has since reduced its dependence on coffee. The currency of El Salvador since 1892, the colón, was replaced by the United States dollar in 2001. El Salvador ranks 14th among Latin American nations in terms of the Human Development Index and fourth in Central America (supporting Panama, Costa Rica, and Guatemala) due in part to continuing rapid industrialization. However, the country continues to struggle with high rates of poverty, inequality, and violent crime that is gang-related.
Source: WikipediaMonaco ( (listen); French pronunciation: [mɔnako]), formally the Principality of Monaco (French:...
The Cayman Islands ( or ) is an autonomous British Overseas Territory in the western Caribbean...
Yemen ( (listen); Arabic: اَلْيَمَنُ, romanized: al-Yaman), sometimes spelled Yaman, officially...
Poland (Polish: Polska [ˈpɔlska] (listen)), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish:...
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