Afghanistan | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 652230km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 32738376 |
| Population density | 50.2 / km² |
Afghanistan ( (listen); Pashto/Dari: افغانستان, Pashto: Afġānistān [avɣɒnisˈtɒn, ab-], Dari: Afġānestān [avɣɒnesˈtɒn]), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country in South and Central Asia. Afghanistan is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south; Iran to the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan to the north; and China to the northeast. Occupying 652,000 square kilometers (252,000 sq mi), it is a mountainous country with plains in the north and southwest. Kabul is the capital and largest city. The population is around 32 million, mostly composed of ethnic Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras and Uzbeks. Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era, and the country's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia. The land has historically been home to various peoples and has witnessed numerous military campaigns, including those by Alexander the Great, Mauryas, Muslim Arabs, Mongols, British, Soviets, and by the United States with allied countries. The land also served as the source from which the Kushans, Hephthalites, Samanids, Saffarids, Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Khaljis, Mughals, Hotaks, Durranis, and others have risen to form major empires. The political history of the modern state of Afghanistan began with the Hotak and Durrani dynasties in the 18th century, with Ahmad Shah Abdali being considered as the founder of the state. In the late 19th century, Afghanistan became a buffer state in the "Great Game" between British India and the Russian Empire. Its border with British India, the Durand Line, was formed in 1893 but it is not recognized by the Afghan government and it has led to strained relations with Pakistan since the latter's independence in 1947. In the First Anglo-Afghan War, the British East India Company seized control of Afghanistan briefly, but following the Third Anglo-Afghan War in 1919 the country was free of foreign influence, eventually becoming a monarchy under Amanullah Khan, until almost 50 years later when Zahir Shah was overthrown and a republic was established. In 1978, after a second coup Afghanistan first became a socialist state and then a Soviet protectorate. This evoked the Soviet–Afghan War in the 1980s against mujahideen rebels. By 1996 most of Afghanistan was captured by the Islamic fundamentalist group the Taliban, who ruled as a totalitarian regime for over five years. Following the 9/11 attacks, an intervention by the US and its allies forcibly removed the Taliban from power, and a new democratically-elected government was formed, but the Taliban still control a significant portion of the country. Afghanistan is a unitary presidential Islamic republic. The country has high levels of terrorism, poverty, child malnutrition, and corruption. It is a member of the United Nations, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Group of 77, the Economic Cooperation Organization, and the Non-Aligned Movement. Afghanistan's economy is the world's 96th largest, with a gross domestic product (GDP) of $72.9 billion by purchasing power parity; the country fares much worse in terms of per-capita GDP (PPP), ranking 169th out of 186 countries as of 2018.
Source: WikipediaCameroon | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 472710km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 20549221 |
| Population density | 43.5 / km² |
Cameroon ( (listen); French: Cameroun), officially the Republic of Cameroon (French: République du Cameroun), is a country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and the Republic of the Congo to the south. The coastline of cameroon lies on the Bight of Biafra, part of the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean. Although Cameroon isn't an ECOWAS member state, it's geographically and historically in West Africa with the Southern Cameroons which form Sud-Ouest Regions and her Nord-Ouest having a history. However, as 2017, elements within the Sud-Ouest and Nord-Ouest areas have since announced an independent (yet internationally unrecognized) state named Ambazonia. The country may be identified as Central African due to its position at the crossroads between West and Central Africa as West African and other times. Cameroon is home to over 250 native languages spoken by almost 20 million people.Early inhabitants of the territory included the Sao civilisation around Lake Chad and the Baka hunter-gatherers from the southeastern rainforest. Portuguese explorers reached the coast in the 15th century and named the area Rio dos Camarões (Shrimp River), which became Cameroon in English. Fulani soldiers fondoms and founded the Adamawa Emirate from the north from the 19th century, and cultural groups of the northwest and west established strong chiefdoms. Cameroon became a colony in 1884. After World War I, the territory was divided between the United Kingdom and France . The Union des Populations du Cameroun (UPC) political party urged independence, but was outlawed by France in the 1950s, leading to the Bamileke War fought between French and UPC militant forces until early 1971. In 1960, the French-administered part of Cameroon became independent as the Republic of Cameroun under President Ahmadou Ahidjo. The southern part of British Cameroons federated with it in 1961 to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon. The federation was left in 1972. The country was renamed the United Republic of Cameroon in 1972 and the Republic of Cameroon in 1984. Large quantities of Cameroonians live as subsistence farmers. Paul Biya, the incumbent President, has led the country he had previously held office as prime minister, from 1975. The country has experienced tensions coming from the lands. Politicians from the English-speaking regions have advocated for increased decentralisation and even complete separation or independence (as in the Southern Cameroons National Council) from Cameroon. In 2017, tensions concerning the creation of an state from the lands escalated into open warfare. Cameroon's official languages are French and English, the official languages of British Cameroons and colonial French Cameroons respectively. Its religious population includes Muslims that are 20 percent and 70% Christians. It is governed as a Unitary republic and has good relations with the powers of France, the United Kingdom and China. The country is often called"Africa in miniature" for its geological and cultural diversity. Features include beaches, deserts, mountains, rainforests, and savannas. The maximum point at nearly 4,100 metres (13,500 ft) is Mount Cameroon in the Southwest Region of the country, and the biggest cities in population-terms are Douala on the Wouri River, its economic capital and chief seaport, Yaoundé, its political capital, and Garoua. The country is well known for its native styles of music, particularly Makossa and Bikutsi, and for its successful soccer team. Cameroon is a member state of the African Union, the United Nations, Non-Aligned Movement and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.
Source: WikipediaHaiti ( (listen); French: Haïti [a.iti]; Haitian Creole: Ayiti [ajiti]), officially the...
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Japan (Japanese: 日本, Nippon [ɲippoꜜɴ] (listen) or Nihon [ɲihoꜜɴ] (listen)) is an island country...
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